OT networks comprise industrial automation and control systems (IACS), also known as industrial control systems (ICS), which control and regulate equipment in industrial sectors such as manufacturing, energy and utilities, and transportation. Many ICS still in use today were originally based on proprietary technologies and deployed decades before modern IT networks. Their highly sensitive nature led to the practice of “air gap” protection. OT networks were kept safe through isolation, lacking any connectivity with IT systems or other external networks.
The air gap has eroded as organizations adopt new digital tools and technologies. Although the Internet of Things (IoT), Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), cloud computing, AI, and other innovations help optimize operations, improve safety and reliability, and deliver a competitive edge, they have simultaneously created interconnections between OT and IT environments and beyond.